How can I tell if a garment’s composition is toxic?
The textile industry is often criticized for its pollution, but its impact on human health is less well known. Petrochemical compounds in clothing harm workers, local communities and consumers. Today, it is difficult to assess the exact toxicity of a garment due to daily exposure to many poorly studied synthetic substances. The toxicity of these substances can increase through interaction or degradation, particularly with azo dyes, which are frequently used and are persistent in the environment. Here’s a practical guide to buying healthy, eco-friendly clothes with a conscience.
1 – Check labels
The first step is to carefully read the garment’s label, which must indicate its composition. Beware of synthetic materials such as polyester, nylon, acrylic and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which may contain toxic substances.
2 – Search for certifications
Look for labels and certifications that guarantee the absence of harmful substances. For example, the Oeko-Tex Standard 100 label certifies that the textile has been tested to be free from harmful chemicals. Other certifications to look for include GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) for organic fibers, and BlueSign for sustainable and safe textile production.
3 – Find out about dyes
The dyes used in clothing can also contain toxic substances. Choose garments dyed with natural dyes or dyes certified free of hazardous chemicals.
4 – Know the manufacturer’s practices
Find out about the brand or manufacturer’s manufacturing practices. Responsible, environmentally-conscious companies are generally transparent about their manufacturing processes and strive to minimize the use of harmful substances.
5 . Opt for natural and organic materials
Natural fibers like organic cotton, linen, wool and silk are often considered safer than synthetic fibers, especially if they are grown and processed without hazardous chemicals.
6 – Paying attention to finishes
Some garment finishes, such as stain, crease and waterproofing treatments, may contain chemicals of concern. It’s best to avoid garments that have undergone these treatments, or look for less toxic alternatives.
7 – Performing tests
In some cases, it is possible to have the chemical composition of a garment tested by specialized laboratories, although this can be costly.
What are these toxic substances?
Among the toxic substances frequently found in clothing and their harmful effects on health and the environment are nonylphenol ethoxylates, endocrine disruptors present in a large proportion of the garments tested by Greenpeace, which have an impact on fertility and reproduction.
Formaldehyde, a noxious gas often used to make fabrics strong and crease-resistant, is classified as a carcinogen.
Perfluorinated compounds and flame retardants, also endocrine disruptors, are used for their wrinkle- and flame-retardant properties, but can affect hormonal development and health.
Dimethylfumarate, banned in the EU since 2009, is known for its allergenic effects.
Dyes, notably azo dyes banned in Europe, and phthalates, used in clothing decoration, can cause allergic reactions and hormonal problems.
Finally, the use of nanoparticles, notably in sportswear for their bactericidal properties, raises concerns about their impact on health and the environment, although the specific risks remain to be clarified.
In short, the best way to ensure that a garment’s composition is non-toxic is to favor natural materials, look for reliable certifications, learn about manufacturing practices and avoid chemical finishes.
Source: Association Santé Environnement France
Photos : Pexels
